[2019-11-06]
剛好新訂閱了 Tim Ferriss 的電子報，在第一封信裡看到 Scientific Speed Reading: How to Read 300% Faster in 20 Minutes，還特別加註說有許多留言證明有效，於是就花了一小時左右的時間實際測試看看。
主要精神是之所以閱讀速度上不去，是因為眼球要一直動去定位文章的位置。這篇文章提到，如果我們可以也把眼角餘光拿來吸收，就會減少很多不必要的眼球定位。原本可能要一個字一個字追蹤，現在一行只要看三個固定的點，就可以讀完該知道的訊息。Tim Ferriss 這篇文章給了很詳細的操作方法，我覺得加減對自己看文章的感覺有幫助就是。
另外這一篇是 Scott 寫的對於 Speed Reading 的誤解 I Was Wrong About Speed Reading: Here are the Facts。值得一看，大概可以知道 Speed Reading 不是神物，閱讀速度到一定的標準後，再上去就是降低理解了。
還有一個蠻有趣的小玩具，spreeder，可以把一篇文章貼進去，他會用一個小框框來過所有的文字，可以調整 WPM，可以發現如果眼球都在同一個位置，閱讀速度可以上升不少。
[2019-11-08 to 2019-11-10]
因為覺得 Speed Reading 根本治標不治本，所以根據 閱讀滿分的關鍵祕密 Part 2：學會Skim 的建議，買了 黃玟君的觀念英文閱讀 2：如何快速看懂文章 來看看是否可以比較有系統的練 Skim。Skim 簡單來說，就是只看主詞和動詞，其他不重要的東西等到題目問細節時再快速定位。
這本書第一張在講原則，第二章開始就是滿滿的練習題。目前看來還算不錯，練習題有很完整的 Skim 示範，所以可以比對自己是否有作對，然後培養自己邊 Skim 邊整理思考整段大意的能力。
在書中發現了一些我以前沒做好的地方，覺得有做算頗有幫助，把我錯的寫在下面：
0. 注意廣義動詞: I told my father.
my father 不可省略，因為他是 told 的受詞，可以視作廣義動詞 told my father。
1. 注意 there 開頭: There are many things that we can do about our food, travel, and electricity to reduce the speed of global warming
這句可以精減成 There are many things to reduce the speed。注意 to reduce the speed 要保留，也是重要資訊。
2. suspect that, discover that, think that, no doubt that, say that, conclude that, affect how, notice that, explain why 不可忽略後方子句
Ex. For years scientists suspected that people with strong emotional ties to families, friends, and community enjoy longer lives than loners do.
可以精減為 scientists suspected that people enjoy longer lives. 注意 suspected 後面的 that 子句也是非常重要的，所以不能夠省略。
3. 注意辨別介系詞片語: Everywhere we look there is color.
重點是 there is color，而不是 we look there，因為 we look 是跟在 Everywhere 後面的，而重點是 there is color。
4. 注意 quote: Smiling, he said, "The children were trying to tell you that you forgot to take off the lens cap!"
quote 的內容因為是接在 said 後面，所以也是相當重要的，不然就不知道說了什麼。
5. 文法: All one has to do is say hello to 10 people on the day.
慣用法：All one has to do is + beV
6. 注意對等連接詞的存在: It is a simple act that anyone can do and it reminds us that communication is more effective than conflict.
我第一次做的時候直接把 that 後面都刪了，但仔細看才發現第一個 that 只到 and 前面，用來形容 simple act。所以可以省略成：It is a simple act and it reminds us that communication is more effective.
7. there 開頭為倒裝句，beV 為動詞，後面接的名詞為主詞。
Ex. there are buildings in Romanic, Baroque, and Rococo styles that were popular hundreds of years ago.
在這個例子中，buildings 為主詞，are 為動詞。（我原本寫成主詞是 there，動詞是 are）
8. 「廣義動詞」包含直接受詞，但如果出現了介系詞，通常就可以不看了。
Ex. Baseball attracts those fans that prefer a quieter, more complicated game. 廣義動詞為「attract those fans」（包含了受詞 those fans）
Ex. Finally, football fans seem to love the half-time activities, the marching bands, and the pretty cheerleaders. 其廣義動詞為「seem to love the half-time activities, the marching bands, and the pretty cheerleaders」，此句沒有可以省略的東西，都很重要。
Ex. He produced more than 2,000 artworks consisting of around 900 paintings and 1100 drawings and sketches. 其廣義動詞為「produced more than 2,000 artworks」。
Ex. It can be read on a personal computer or hand-held device designed specifically for this purpose 可省略為「It can be read.」，on 後面的都不重要。
Ex. E-books cannot provide the physical feel of the cover, paper, and binding of the original printed work. 可省略為「E-books cannot provide the physical feel.」，of 後面的都不重要。
Ex. These claims include requests to exchange merchandise, requests for refunds, requests that work be corrected, and other requests for adjustments. 可省略為「These claims include requests
Ex. You may refuse the request for adjustment and even try to sell the customer more merchandise or service. 可省略為「You may refuse the request
Ex. For generations, mothers have been telling their children to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables. 可省略為「
Ex. They canoed down rivers, hiked along muddy trails, and climbed into the forest to explore and learn. 可省略為「They canoed down rivers, hiked
Ex. This group of islands off the coast of Ecuador has recently contracted Argentine Corpatction America to manage the redevelopment of the airport on the island of Baltra. 可省略為「This group
9. Research "on ..." 不重要，重點是 "suggest ..."
Ex. Research on how chemicals in blueberries affect brain function even suggests that these chemicals may help our brains work more efficiently.
此句可以省略為「Research
10. 對等連接詞：and, or, but, yet, so, for, nor 等，注意 so that 是從屬連接詞
Ex. For one hour on that day, a huge paper-cutting machine was set up in Times Square so people could destroy their lingering bad memories. 其中的 so 是對等連接詞，所以不可直接把 so 之前或之後的的東西省略掉。
Ex. There are over 2 million free books available for download so that we can save a great deal of money. 可省略為「There are over 2 million free books」，so that 是表結果或目的的從屬連接詞，所以不重要。
11. But, However, Nevertheless 等態度字不可省略
Ex. But if hugs are hard to find, the next best thing may be a god or a cat in the lap. 此句可以省略為「But
12. 特殊句型：All ...
Ex. All this is happening when the customer is probably angry, disappointed, or inconvenienced. 此句主詞為 all this，動詞為 is happening。
13. There is no doubt that ... 之後的也很重要
Ex. There is no doubt that chemicals can have a stronger effect on children. 此句不宜直接把 that 後的東西省略。可簡化為「There is no doubt that chemicals can have a stronger effect
14. 根據不同動詞，可適當調整省略範圍
Ex. The Cambodian tea tree grows five meters tall. 此句可不用把「five meters tall」省略，更完整的原因應該是原句所在段落恰好就是講特性，而 5 meters tall 不算太細節。（當然不必太拘泥）
15. 「:」後通常不重要，除非冒號後的是概括了後面要講的數種東西。
Ex. Now France is pushing forward with a novel approach: giving away papers to young readers in an effort to turn them into regular customers. 可省略為「Now France is pushing forward
16. 對於受詞是接虛擬的東西，如 world of, amount of，則要包含 of 之後的東西。
Ex. Many elderly and lonely individuals have discovered that pets satisfy their needs and keep them in the world of deep emotional relationships. 無可省略的項目，discovered that 後的名詞子句為 discover 的受詞，所以也很重要。「in the world of」因為 world 是虛擬詞，所以 of 後面的也算重要。
Ex. The French government recently detailed plans of a project called "My Free Newspaper, " under which 18- to 24-year-olds will be offered a free, year-long subscription to a newspaper of their choice. 可省略為「The French government recently detailed plans
Ex. It should also have the minimum amount of air bubbles. 無可省略，因為 amount 是虛擬詞，所以後面的 air bubbles 也要看。
Ex. Outbreaks of avian influenza can be devastating for the poultry industry and for farmers. 可省略為「Outbreaks
17. 寫作時可用上的倒裝技巧：
Ex. These values, the commission concluded, prevented Japanese people from embracing notions of individual empowerment that would be essentials in the coming years. 的原句為「The commission concluded that these values prevented Japanese people from embracing notions of individual empowerment that would be essentials in the coming years.」
18. Practice 5 給我新的心法：對於 main idea 題，即使關鍵字在文章中被省略掉，還是得具備能嗅出這篇文章主要意圖的能力。
這題有兩個看似都合理的選項 (B) A gallery for the visually impaired (C) An exhibition of different animals，如果一味地 skim 會忽略這篇文章是在提一個比較特別的展覽，選到好像符合一部分的 (C)。這題值得好好琢磨一下。
19. it 虛主詞文法，這裡的 it 反而是指代後方的名詞子句！
Ex. So it should come as little surprise that the Internet has headlined the top 25 innovations of the past quarter century, according to a panel of technology leaders assembled to promote inventiveness.
其最開始的 it 為指代後方的「that the Internet has headlined the top 25 innovations of the past quarter century」，所以主詞為「that the Internet has headlined the top 25 innovations of the past quarter century」，動詞為「should come」。寫指代題要特別注意。
此外，這句為「That the Internet has headlined the top 25 innovations of the past quarter century should come as little surprise」的倒裝寫法。
Ex. It would take 10 people holding hands to surround the base of its trunk.
其 it 為虛主詞，指代後方的「to surround the base」。
主詞為「to surround the base」，動詞為「would take」。
這句可以看成是「To surround the base of its trunk would take 10 people holding hands.」。
Ex. It had been common practice in the United States to automatically award custody to the mother when a divorce occurred.
其 it 為虛主詞，指代後方的「to automatically award custody to the mother」。
主詞為「to automatically award custody to the mother when a divorce occurred.」，動詞為「had been」。
這句可以看成是「to automatically award custody to the mother when a divorce occurred had been common practice in the United States」
Ex. It is estimated that there are currently over 50000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting the Earth at speeds of up to 17500 mils per hour
20. 注意形容詞子句的存在
Ex. Moderate fires will clear the ground of competing plant life, and the rising heat dries and opens the ripe cones of the redwood, releasing many thousands of seeds onto the ground below. 不知道為何忘記。「releasing ...」後的可以省略。
21. 注意放在較後方的對等連接詞
Ex. For instance, Gupo Island is the largest uninhabited island in the North Sea area and the main location of seaweed production. 這句可省略為「For instance, Gupo Island is the largest uninhabited island
Ex. Like gifts from God, the yellow flowers that bloom between the basalt rock cracks and the beautiful songs of little singing birds on the meadows turn these islands into a paradise. 可省略為「
22. 不省略動詞既定用法的介系詞，如 keep from ...
Ex. the spacesuit provides necessary oxygen supply and keeps the astronauts from feeling the extreme heat or cold outside the shuttle. 其中不用把 from ... 省略，因為那是 keep sb from sth 的用法，省略掉會沒意義。
23. 分號 ; 視作對等連接詞
Ex. Public dwellings lined its ground level; a marketplace and two mosques also fit comfortably inside.
24. 廣義動詞通常包含其後方的副詞，如數量變化等
Ex. Now, it has infested more than 275 million hectares in the country. 其中廣義動詞包含「has infested more than 275 million hectares」。
25. 「對等連接詞」即意味前後要並列
Ex. Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations to stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there 這句的結構為 「to stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there」，原本把 and 前後想成 a cooperative effort 和 to clean up，但一看解析才發現我想錯了。
26. as well as 可以當成 and 對等連接詞
Ex. The new development has several important features: use of wind and solar energy, passive heating and cooling systems, as well as concrete runways in place of asphalt, which has a greater carbon footprint during its production cycle. 其中共有三點，「use of wind and solar energy」、「passive heating and cooling systems」、「concrete runways in place of asphalt」，as well as 可以當成 and。
27. 省略形容詞子句
Ex. They are places filled with giant tree lizards, sandy beaches, and tropical plants 可省略為「They are places
時間紀錄
- 總共有 400 頁左右。
- 第一天，100 頁加整理大概花費 80min，預計再花兩天共計 4 小時來把這本書完成。
- 第二天，100 頁加整理錯誤花了 100 分鐘，平均一頁一分鐘。大概還需要 200 分鐘。
- 第三天，80 頁加整理花了 85 分鐘，平均一頁一分鐘多。
- 第四天，130 頁加整理花了 141 分鐘，平均一頁一分多。
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